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Editor's note: This piece originally appeared in TRANS FORMING FAMILIES: REAL STORIES ABOUT TRANSGENDERED LOVED ONES, by Mary Boenke (if you're interested in obtaining a copy of the book, contact Mary Boenke at MaryBoenke@aol.com). Ms. Dillon (florencedillon@juno.com) also is interested in comments and inquiries from readers.

Setting my daughter free meant more than I'd imagined. My husband, James, and I have two sons. Alex, who just turned fourteen, is a classical musician and computer whiz. Steve just turned eleven. His life revolves around rocketry, soccer, and improvising stand-up comedy routines in the kitchen. He's in denial about puberty being just around the corner.

As his parents, we're concerned about the changes puberty will bring,

because we know how distressing it will be for him to begin to develop

breasts in middle school. And we're sure that, unless something is done to

postpone or stop it, he will develop breasts and begin to menstruate,

because this child--who feels and behaves in every way like an ordinary

boy--has a normal female body.

 

During the first year of life, the baby we named Sarah ate, slept, and

watched the world in silence from my arms. Then she began to speak and run.

It was hard to keep up with this toddler who would climb to the top of

anything with handholds and, later, the preschooler who loved to jump from

the tallest branch of our backyard tree down to the roof of the garage.

 

We were very proud of Sarah. I had always hoped for a daughter who would

define herself, who would grow to be a strong, intelligent, and independent

woman. This lively, fierce, thoughtful little girl gave me great joy. As

her mother, I wanted to create a safe, warm nest where I could nurture her,

then set her free to fly.

 

Sarah tested my resolve to set her free in a way I had never imagined. On

her third birthday, she tore the wrapping paper from one of her

grandmother's gifts and discovered a pink velvet dress trimmed in ribbons

and white lace. I knew she wouldn't want to wear it--she hadn't voluntarily

put on anything but pants since turning two, and this dress was totally

impractical for playing the way Sarah played. Nevertheless, I was surprised

by her reaction.

 

She looked up, not unhappy, but puzzled and confused, and asked, "Why is

Grandma giving me a dress? Doesn't she know I'm not the kind of girl who

wears dresses?" Then, with an air of great satisfaction at finding the

solution to a problem, she said, "Just tell Grandma I'm a boy."

 

Initially I assumed Sarah's announcement was simply an attempt to

communicate a clothing preference in language she thought grownups would

understand. Then, shortly after her birthday, Sarah said she wanted us to

call her "Steve." We thought this an odd request, but tried to remember to

say "Steve" from time to time. A few weeks later we received a call from

the Sunday school teacher who taught the three-year-olds at our church. She

told us our daughter had asked to have the name "Sarah" on her name tag

crossed out and replaced with "Steve." We realized then that the name

"Steve" must be very important to Sarah, so we told the teacher it would be

all right to call her "Steve" for the time being.

 

At home, we talked to Sarah about the difference between a nickname like

"Steve" and her real name. But in our neighborhood and on the playground at

the park, Sarah began to introduce herself only as Steve. Within our

family, she became more insistent that she was a boy. She never said, "I

want to be a boy," or, "I wish I were a boy," but always, "I am a boy." She

demanded we use masculine pronouns when referring to her. When we forgot or refused, her face would screw up in fury and exasperation, and the

offending parent was likely to be pinched or kicked by this usually loving

child. I stopped using pronouns altogether when Sarah was within earshot.

 

The teacher at Montessori preschool wasn't as flexible as the Sunday school

teacher. The children were learning to write their names, and "Sarah" was

evidently the only name the teacher was willing to teach. This became an

issue as Christmas approached. Four-year-old Sarah came home one day and

asked how to spell "Steve" so she could sign her letter to Santa. When I

cautioned that Santa might not be able to find our house if the name on the

letter wasn't correct, she looked at me with scorn. "Santa knows where I

live, Mommy. He knows my name is Steve."

 

I decided it was time to seek professional help. I had no idea why Sarah

was convinced it was better to be a boy. Surely someone could tell me what

I was doing wrong. And it must be something I was doing, or failing to do,

because the children were in my care twenty-four hours a day. No one else

had nearly as many opportunities to influence them. My husband was pursuing

a corporate career that required his attention eleven or twelve hours a

day, and I--very much by choice after fifteen years of work and

academia--was a full-time mom.

 

My first call for help was to our state university's human development

department. When I described my child and our family's situation, the

"human development specialist" who took the call laughed reassuringly and

said, "Don't worry about a thing. Your child has a great imagination. Lots

of bright, creative kids try out different roles at this age. She'll grow

out of it."

 

With relief, I took that advice, stopped worrying, and waited for Sarah to

grow out of it. For the next couple of years, I supported my child's wish

to be called Steve. I no longer made her unhappy by insisting, "You're a

girl." Instead I said, "You have a girl's body, though Mommy and Daddy know

you feel like a boy."

 

But I still felt responsible for my second child's inability to accept that

she was a girl, and I set out to correct whatever misapprehensions she

might have about becoming a woman. Because being a mother was such a joy

for me, I told Sarah the most wonderful thing about being a girl is that

girls can grow up and have babies of their own. Hearing this, Sarah's face

darkened. She shuddered and said, "I don't want to talk about that." She

asked if everyone had to get married and have babies when they grew up.

When told no, of course not, she relaxed and said she was always going to

live in our house with Alex.

 

By age five, Sarah had given all her dresses to a neighbor girl of the same

age. She wouldn't put on any item of clothing without first asking if it

had been made for a boy or a girl. Only boys' clothes would do. I found

myself confessing to sales clerks in boys' departments that I was buying

these socks and pants and jackets for my daughter who evidently thought it

would be better to be a boy. I felt I owed perfect strangers an explanation

of something I couldn't explain to myself.

 

Still relying on the academic advice we had received when our child was

four years old, I believed that Steve would eventually yield to "reality"

and find a way to accept growing into a woman. The possibility that my

child might be transsexual crossed my mind, but seemed so rare as to be

extremely unlikely. The most difficult thing for me at that time was trying

to keep all the options open--the ambiguity of not knowing for sure where

Sarah/Steve belonged on the gender spectrum. As a woman, I hoped my child

would learn that she was unique and that she had the right to define the

kind of woman she would become. As a mother, my greatest concern was that

my child feel wholly accepted and loved.

 

James and I searched for information about how and why a child's sense of

gender can contradict his or her biological sex. There were very few

studies available and none of them were well-designed, in my opinion,

because they tended to rely solely on adult impressions and observations of

children who were deemed "too masculine" as girls or "too feminine" as

boys. It struck me as unhelpful and even harmful to judge children's dress

and play as appropriate or inappropriate depending on how closely they

approximated sex-role stereotypes from the 1950s. According to the studies,

very few of these "masculine girls" or "feminine boys" grew up to be

transsexual. Of those adults who did later identify as transsexual or

transgendered, nothing had been noted about them as children that

differentiated them from the others in the studies.

 

Those early researchers did not ask the children what they thought or felt

about their own gender--whether they believed themselves to be boys or

girls despite the contrary shapes of their bodies. The researchers' failure

to ask that question clearly limits the value of their work. More recent

medical research indicates that gender identity is every person's internal,

brain-embedded awareness of being male or female (or somewhere in between). Gender identity determines whether a person feels male or female, not how masculine or feminine that person may appear to others.

 

What was our child's true gender identity? I didn't want to cause Steve

more anguish at his young age by pushing him in either direction. Steve was

a very bright, sensitive child who was troubled and confused about having a

girl's body. He couldn't understand or explain why he had this body,

although he continued to state unequivocally that he was a boy. He told me

he knew there was nothing a boy could do that a girl couldn't do, but he

was a boy. I wanted to give this child plenty of unpressured time to come

to terms with being whoever he was.

 

After a painful kindergarten year during which our child was officially

known as "Sarah," we asked the first-grade teacher to use the name "Steve"

and to let Steve handle it if other children wondered whether Steve was a

boy or a girl. Because we knew this situation was unusual and would very

likely cause stress for the teachers, we offered to pay for a clinical

psychologist specializing in gender issues to meet with the school staff.

We wanted to provide an experienced resource to answer their questions

about gender identity and help them develop strategies for dealing with a

gender-variant child in their classrooms.

 

The school principal accepted our offer. However, one week before the staff

gender training was scheduled to occur, the principal called to say she was

disturbed because she had overheard children asking whether Steve was a boy

or a girl. She perceived this as "harassment" of Steve, and she wasn't

going to allow it to continue. Without waiting for input from the

professional gender therapist, she had decided to call an all-school

assembly meeting for the purpose of announcing to the entire student body

at once that Steve was a girl, and to tell them that no one was ever to

mention it again.

 

Nothing would more terrify my child. The single most important concern of

Steve's life was to be seen as a boy. His girl's body was a source of deep

shame to him. He was so fearful of anyone else finding out about it that he

insisted on wearing three layers of clothing to bed at night.

 

Before the school year began, we had asked permission for Steve to use the

unisex staff rest room because the girls' and boys' rooms are the only

places in school where children are routinely identified by sex. The

principal had refused our request. Because he saw himself as a boy and knew

that boys didn't use the girls' room, our six-year-old was in agony from

trying not to go to the bathroom at all until he got home at the end of the

day.

 

When the principal told me her plan to make the all-school announcement, I

was stunned. I felt powerless to protect my child. I've since learned that

parents have considerable rights when protecting their children's welfare

in the public schools, but at that moment all I could manage to say was

that her decision would be devastating to Steve. The principal was firm,

but offered to take Steve for a walk and "explain it to her."

 

Later, the principal called back to report what had happened. She had asked

Steve if he would like the questions from the other children to stop. Steve

said he would. Then the principal told him she was going to make the

questions stop by telling everyone that Steve was a girl.

 

Steve looked up at her and said, "Why don't you tell them I'm a boy?"

 

To her credit, the principal listened to him. Startled by this

first-grader's logic and assertiveness, she decided to wait until after the

visit from the gender specialist to put her plan into action.

 

The public announcement never happened. The psychologist who conducted the

gender training made it clear to the school staff that gender identity is

innate, that it is established at a very early age, that it can differ from

an individual's biological sex, and that it's neither appropriate nor

possible for teachers to try to change a student's gender identity.

 

Today, Steve is known as a boy by his classmates. He's been elected

president of the fifth grade and holds school records for push-ups and

pull-ups. He has changed from a frightened, clingy child who had to be

pushed kicking and screaming onto the school bus in first grade into a

happy, confident boy who cockily practices muscle-man poses in the mirror.

 

Steve is the only expert on his own experience. He has never doubted his

identity. And, although his parents and older brother find it helpful to

use the term "transgendered" to describe him, he doesn't refer to himself

that way. As far as Steve is concerned, he's just a boy.

 

 

Florence Dillon is a pseudonym, and the names of Sarah, Steve, and other

parties in this story have been changed to protect the identity of the

individuals featured. Parents seeking more information about support and

services available to families dealing with

gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgender (GLBT) issues can contact Rainbow Families

at (612) 370-6651; or Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays

(P-PLAG) at (612) 825-1660. Both are grassroots organizations dedicated to

supporting GLBT families.